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Arrays are sets of pointers to where values are stored. A dim statement will create a new set of pointers, which point to null. An assignment statement for an array element will set that pointer to a constant, the value of a variable, or another array as a subarray. Changing an array element changes what it points to, not the constant or a variable to which it points. However, a change in a subarray does change the values returned from that subarray:
dim x[2] // x[1] and x[2] both point to null
x[1] = "Caliper" // x[1] now points to the // constant "Caliper"
m = 12 // Create an integer variable and // set it equal to 12
x[2] = m // x[2] now points to the value of m, // the integer constant 12
m = 15 // x[2] does not change
x[2] = x[2] + 2.5 // x[2] now points to the real constant // 14.5, and m still equals 15
z = {1, 2, 3} // Create an array and have z point to it
x[1] = z // x[1] now points to the same array as z
z[3] = 5 // x[1][3] also now equals 5
z = null // x[2] does not change
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